Often people are wanting to add speakers to their amplifier to increase power. However, in most cases, adding speakers will reduce the power in Speaker impedance changes amplifier power output.
In fact, your amplifier power could be nearly half or double its capacity - depending on the impedance Home Speakers Understanding Speaker Impedance. Speaker impedance is often presented as a complex subject and therefore is either ignored or misunderstood.
A basic understanding of speaker impedance is not Distributed speaker systems are also known as " volt line" or "70 volt line" speaker systems. They are used extensively where multiple speakers are Understanding Audio Double amplifier power does not double the volume.
This article logically shows the relationship between amplifier power, SPL and loudness. It includes a level difference exercise and a gain calculator. Understanding Audio Understanding Acoustic Feedback. Acoustic feedback it that annoying loud continuous tone you get when the sound system is not set up or operated properly.
Acoustic feedback can Understanding Audio Understanding Audio Frequency. Every sound we hear is at a certain frequency. When we say someone has a deep voice, we are describing a voice producing low Understanding Audio Understanding Decibels part 2.
In the first article we saw that a decibel is not a fixed unit, rather, it is a ratio between two levels. A decibel Understanding Audio Understanding Decibels part 1. Decibels are widely used in audio, and often misunderstood. These articles give a practical understanding on using decibels in audio work. But first, some Understanding Audio Understanding Audio Levels. A basic understanding of the general audio levels mentioned in this article will help you avoid the common mistakes often made when connecting audio Understanding Audio Understanding Microphone Sensitivity.
Of late I have seen a number of people miss-interpret the specifications of microphones, especially when it After answering nearly questions on connecting speakers on this website, some common themes have emerged. Please read the answers to these Frequently Asked Questions The speaker selector switch simulators presented here demonstrate how speaker selectors deal with speaker impedance and power distribution.
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In this article we look at some I am often asked "How do I connect multiple speakers to my amplifier? You may still have many video tapes that you like to play but find it hard to connect a VCR to your new flat The recent passing of Eugene Polley, the man known for inventing the remote control, has given me cause to reflect on the development of It works similarly to a VCR, but This is the summary of the previous five articles looking at the different video signals and connectors commonly used in Home AV.
Previously we Connecting your TV is not as hard as it looks. All the sockets on the back and up the side of a flat screen This is the In this article, we look at component video signal: what it is, where it is used, and what cables are used for component video In this article we look at RGB video signal: what it is, where it is used, what cables to use and the problems with In this article we look at S-video signal: what it is, what cables to use, where S-video is used and the problems with it.
Do phone chargers and Ipod chargers draw power when not connected to their device? The answer is: it depends on the type of charger. In the popular press there have been a number of reports along the lines of "households wasting hundred of dollars on standby power". Being an inquisitive In this article, we look at composite video signal: what it is, what cables to use, where composite video is used and the problems Calculators Speakers in Series Calculator.
Jump Straight to Calculator The calculator below is useful in determining the total impedance of speakers in series. This calculator for amplifier power, voltage and current has little significance but is rather interesting.
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Of course it is important to remember that microphones capture all sounds — not just voices, but also barking dogs, chainsaws, squeaky chairs, rustling papers, tapping pens, HVAC systems, street noise, and much much more. Getting the sound you want voices requires careful and thoughtful positioning of the microphone as close as possible to the person speaking.
Here are a few examples from spec sheets of familiar microphones. They have different notation, but they are telling us the same things.
This should help you learn to recognize the common properties of the notations. Voltage doubles for every 6dB when increasing level, or is halved with every 6dB when decreasing level. A microphone with a higher output level is said to be "more sensitive" than one with a lower output level. These numbers allow you to make broad comparisons before purchasing a microphone.
They do not reflect audio quality or the "sound" of the microphone. This mic is rated at 37mV. We can assume the reference is at 1KHz but that should have been explicitly stated. This is an older style of notation, microbar are a measure of pressure, similar to Pascal. You can manually convert between values easily by remembering two things: that a 6dB change is always a halving or doubling of the previous voltage value, and the reference voltage you're working with.
The reference will be 1v for dBV, or 0. Of course - it is much quicker to just use the proper formula! So we could restate the sensitivity to say that the mic produces 3. A microphone with high sensitivity may need less preamp gain before the analog-to-digital conversion, but it may have less headroom before clipping than a microphone with lower sensitivity.
In near-field applications, such as cell phones, where the microphone is close to the sound source, a microphone with higher sensitivity is more likely to reach the maximum acoustic input, clip, and cause distortion.
On the other hand, a higher sensitivity may be desirable in far-field applications, such as conference phones and security cameras, where the sound is attenuated as the distance from the source to the microphone increases. Figure 3 shows how the distance of the microphone from the sound source can affect the SPL.
The level of an acoustic signal decreases by 6 dB one-half each time the distance from the source is doubled. For reference, Figure 4 shows the typical SPL of various sound sources, from quiet recording studios below 10 dB SPL up to the threshold of pain above dB SPL , the point at which the sound causes pain for the average person. Microphones can rarely cover all—or even most—of this range, so choosing the right microphone for the required SPL range is an important design decision.
Analog microphones have a wide range of sensitivities. Some dynamic microphones might have sensitivity as low as —70 dBV. Some condenser microphone modules have integrated preamps so they have extra high sensitivity of —18 dBV.
With digital gain, there is no danger of degrading the noise level of the signal as long as the processor has a sufficient number of bits to fully represent the dynamic range of the original microphone signal.
In an analog design, every gain stage will introduce some noise into the signal; it is up to the system designer to ensure that each gain stage is quiet enough to keep its injected noise from degrading the audio signal.
This dynamic range can be reproduced with a bit data word. A 1-bit shift of the data in a digital word results in a 6 dB shift in the signal level, so even a bit audio processor with a 98 dB dynamic range could use 11 dB of gain or attenuation before the original dynamic range is compromised.
Whether designing with an analog or digital MEMS microphone, this should help a designer choose the best microphone for an application and to get the fullest performance from that device.
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